National Stock Exchange of India Limited , also known as the National Stock Exchange ( NSE ), is an Indian stock exchange based in Mumbai . It is the 5th largest stock exchange in the world by total market capitalization , exceeding $5 trillion in May 2024. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] NSE is under the ownership of various financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. As of 2024, it is the world's largest derivatives exchange by number of contracts traded [ a ] and the third largest in cash equities by number of trades [ b ] for the calendar year 2023. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] National Stock Exchange was incorporated in 1992 [ 11 ] to bring about transparency in the Indian equity markets. NSE was set up as a Joint-venture between PSUs at the behest of the Government of India , based on the recommendations laid out by the Pherwani committee in 1991 [ 12 ] and the blueprint was prepared by a team of five members (Ravi Narain, Raghavan Puthran, K Kumar, Chitra Ramkrishna and Ashishkumar Chauhan ) along with R H Patil and SS Nadkarni who were deputed by IDBI in 1992. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Instead of trading memberships being confined to a group of brokers, NSE ensured that anyone who was qualified, experienced, and met the minimum financial requirements was allowed to trade. [ 15 ] NSE commenced operations on 30 June 1994 [ 16 ] starting with the wholesale debt market (WDM) segment and equities segment on 3 November 1994. [ 17 ] It was the first exchange in India to introduce an electronic trading facility . [ 18 ] Within one year of the start of its operations, the daily turnover on NSE exceeded that of the BSE . [ 13 ] Operations in the derivatives segment commenced on 12 June 2000. [ 17 ] In August 2008, NSE introduced currency derivatives . [ 19 ] In 2012, NSE launched the NSE EMERGE platform for the listing of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and startup companies in India. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] In May 2013, NSE launched India's first dedicated trading platform for debt-related products. [ 22 ] In June 2017, NSE established the NSE International Exchange (NSE IX), which is a universal multi assets exchange headquartered in the GIFT City . NSE IX is the second international stock exchange of India, after the India International Exchange (India INX), which is also headquartered in GIFT City. In 2023, NSE launched the Social Stock Exchange to allow social enterprises , including non-profit organisations, raise funds from the public. [ 23 ] In May 2026, the National Stock Exchange of India launched Electronic Gold Receipts (EGRs), a new exchange-traded digital gold segment backed by physical gold stored in SEBI-accredited vaults, aimed at improving transparency and efficiency in gold trading. [ 24 ] As of December 2024, NSE has 2,671 companies listed, with 2,084 companies listed on the mainboard and 587 companies listed on its SME platform− NSE EMERGE . [ 25 ] Total market capitalization of NSE-listed companies was ₹ 438.9 lakh crore (US$5.13 trillion), as of 31 December 2024. [ 2 ] As of December 2023, there were 190 ETFs listed on the NSE, including ETFs on equity, debt and commodity asset classes. [ 26 ] The first InvIT listed on the NSE in 2017 and the first REIT in 2019. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] As of January 2025, NSE has over 11 crore unique registered investors. [ 29 ] NSE Indices operates NSE's broad-based, sectoral, thematic, strategy and fixed-income indices. [ 30 ] The flagship index NIFTY 50 was launched on 22 April 1996, with a base value of 1,000 on the base date of 3 November 1995. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] The NSE allows trading of futures and options contracts of indices and single stock contracts. [ 33 ] On 3 May 2012, the National Stock exchange launched derivative contracts (futures and options) on FTSE 100, a widely tracked index of the UK equity stock market. [ 34 ] On 10 January 2013, the National Stock Exchange signed a letter of intent with the Japan Exchange Group, Inc. (JPX) for the launch of NIFTY 50 index futures on the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE). [ 35 ] [ 36 ] Corporate affairs As of March 2025, NSE is 36% majorly owned by PSUs that include Life Insurance Corporation (10.7%), State Bank of India (3.23%), SBI Caps (4.33%), New India Assurance (1.42%), National Insurance (1.42% ), Oriental Insurance (1.42%), Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited (4.40%) and other PSBs such as Bank of Baroda , IDBI Bank , Punjab National Bank & Indian Bank . Private equity investors include Aranda Investments Mauritius Pte Ltd ( Temasek Holdings ), PI Opportunities Fund I ( PremjiInvest ) and MS Strategic Mauritius Pte Ltd ( Morgan Stanley ). [ 37 ] Government of India has allowed seven major PSUs such as SBI, IDBI and Bank of Baroda to sell their entire stake in NSE through upcoming IPO. [ 38 ] The list of CEO and MDs of NSE includes: NSE Indices Limited NSE International Exchange (NSE IX), via NSE IFSC Limited NSE Clearing Limited NSE NSEIT Limited NSE Infotech Services Limited NSE Cogencis Information Services Limited NSE IFSC Clearing Corporation Limited NSE Investments Limited NSE Data & Analytics Limited NSE Academy Limited [ 43 ] Financial literacy NSE has collaborated with several universities like Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics (GIPE) - Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University (BVDU) - Pune, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University - Delhi, RV University [ 44 ] - Bangalore, the Ravenshaw University - Cuttack and Punjabi University - Patiala, among others to offer MBA and BBA courses. NSE has also provided mock market simulation software called NSE Learn to Trade (NLT) to develop investment, trading, and portfolio management skills among the students. [ 45 ] The simulation software is very similar to the software currently being used by the market professionals and helps students to learn how to trade in the markets. NSE also conducts online examinations and awards certification, under its Certification in Financial Markets (NCFM) programs. [ 46 ] NSE has set up NSE Academy Limited to further financial literacy. At present, certifications are available in 46 modules, covering different sectors of financial and capital markets, both at the beginner and advanced levels. The list of various modules can be found at the official site of NSE India. In addition, since August 2009, it has offered a short-term course called NSE Certified Capital Market Professional (NCCMP). [ 47 ] Criticism and controversies NSE has witnessed several high-profile market manipulation scandals including the co-location manipulation instance. [ 48 ] [ 49 ] [ 50 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] [ 54 ] [ 55 ] [ 56 ] [ 57 ] [ 58 ] [ 59 ] [ 60 ] [ 61 ] At times, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has barred several individuals and entities from trading on the exchange for insider trading , stock manipulation , especially in illiquid smallcaps and penny stocks . [ 62 ] [ 63 ] [ 64 ] [ 65 ] [ 66 ] [ 67 ] [ 68 ] [ 69 ] List of companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India Economy of India List of stock exchanges Bombay Stock Exchange Stock market crashes in India Mutual funds in India Muhurat trading Securities and Exchange Board of India ↑ Based on the statistics maintained by Futures Industry Association (FIA), a derivatives trade body ↑ As per the statistics maintained by the World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) ↑ "Shareholding" . www.nseindia.com . 1 2 3 "Market capitalisation of NSE increased to $5.13 trillion, up 21.5% in 2024" . The Times of India . 1 January 2025. ISSN 0971-8257 . Retrieved 6 January 2025 . ↑ "Market Statistics - September 2024" . World Federation of Exchanges . Archived from the original on 7 September 2024 . Retrieved 19 September 2024 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link ) ↑ "New Stock Or Share Listing Recent -NSE India" . nseindia.com . Archived from the original on 30 July 2024 . Retrieved 13 September 2024 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link ) ↑ "Investor Presentation Q4 | FY25" (PDF) . NSE . Retrieved 26 May 2025 . ↑ "Market Statistics – March 2023 – World Federation of Exchanges" . Focus.world-exchanges.org . ↑ Deva, Pranati (24 May 2024). "Market Cap of NSE-listed companies surges to $5 trillion from $4 trillion in just 6 months" . Mint . Retrieved 31 August 2024 . ↑ Podishetti, Akash (18 January 2024). "NSE world's largest derivatives exchange for fifth year in a row; third in equity" . The Economic Times . ISSN 0013-0389 . Retrieved 10 December 2024 . ↑ "NSE remains world's largest derivative exchange in 2023 for fifth straight year | Stock Market News" . mint . 18 January 2024. ↑ "NSE maintains its lead as largest global derivatives market for 4th year – Check its rank in equity segment" . Times Now . 30 January 2023 . Retrieved 28 February 2023 . ↑ "NSE Incorporation" . ↑ "Pherwani Committee report recommends setting up of NSE in New Bombay" . India Today . Retrieved 28 February 2023 . 1 2 "NSE and NSDL: Institutions that revolutionised Indian bourses" . The Indian Express . 20 July 2016 . Retrieved 28 February 2023 . ↑ "RH Patil: The man who revolutionized Indian stock market" . The Economic Times . Retrieved 28 February 2023 . ↑ "National Stock Exchange to file IPO document by 2017" . The Hindu . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ↑ "NSE - National Stock Exchange of India Ltd" . www.nseindia.com . 1 2 "India@75: History of stocks in India" . Mint . 15 August 2022 . Retrieved 28 February 2023 . ↑ "NSE vs BSE: Where's the competition?" . mint . 26 July 2022 . Retrieved 28 February 2023 . ↑ Roy, Anup; Laskar, Anirudh; Mohan, Vyas (12 August 2011). "NSE to charge trades in currency derivatives" . mint . Retrieved 28 February 2023 . ↑ "NSE launches SME exchange with first listing- Business News" . businesstoday.in . 18 September 2012 . Retrieved 7 October 2019 . ↑ "Raising capital: Why SME IPO may be a good choice for small businesses" . The Economic Times . 10 June 2019 . Retrieved 7 October 2019 . ↑ "NSE launches debt trading platform" . The Hindu Businessline . 13 May 2013 . Retrieved 8 September 2023 . ↑ "While markets boom, what's up at India's Social Stock Exchange?" . The Economic Times . 26 July 2024 . Retrieved 2 April 2025 . ↑ "NSE introduces Electronic Gold Receipts: What are they, how to trade and benefits explained" . Mint . 2026. ↑ Bhattacharya, Agnidev (1 January 2025). "NSE 2024 Highlights: Record Listings, Wealth Creation And An Increasing Investor Base" . NDTV Profit . Retrieved 6 January 2025 . ↑ "ETF turnover tops Rs 1 trillion for second year on the trot, shows data" . Business Standard . Retrieved 2 April 2025 . ↑ "India's first InvIT issue, of IRB Infrastructure, opens on Wednesday" . BusinessLine . 2 May 2017 . Retrieved 2 April 2025 . ↑ "Embassy Office Parks REIT debuts at Rs 308, a 2.7% premium to issue price" . Moneycontrol . 1 April 2019 . Retrieved 2 April 2025 . ↑ Khanna, Surbhi (22 January 2025). "NSE registered investor base crosses 11 crore unique investors and over 21 crore total accounts" . The Economic Times . ISSN 0013-0389 . Retrieved 22 February 2025 . ↑ "NSE unveils new brand identity for Nifty50" . The Economic Times . 28 May 2019 . Retrieved 2 April 2025 . ↑ "History & Milestones" . Nseindia.com . Retrieved 23 February 2022 . ↑ "Nifty 50" . niftyindices.com . ↑ Sanchit, Taksali. "Nifty Option Chain" . Investiture.in . Sanchit. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020 . Retrieved 20 January 2020 . ↑ D, Yoganand (19 May 2012). "An opportunity to trade the FTSE-100" . @businessline . ↑ Nam, Rafael; Vishnoi, Abhishek (10 January 2013). "UPDATE 1–India's NSE, Japan's JPX plan Nifty futures for Osaka" . Reuters . Retrieved 8 September 2023 . ↑ "Broad Market Indices" . Nseindia.com . Retrieved 23 February 2022 . ↑ Coutinho, Ashley (28 March 2025). "NSE IPO delay may hit State-owned investors the hardest" . BusinessLine . Retrieved 2 April 2025 . ↑ https://bvwd.ca.gov/expert-time/NSE-IPO-Five-PSU-Shareholders-Including-SBI-and-IDBI-Bank-to-Sell-237-Crore-Shares-in-Rs-30000-Crore-Offer-32-8751 [ permanent dead link ] ↑ "How Ravi Narain built the NSE, and then lost his grip" . 4 June 2017. ↑ "Business / Companies : Chitra Ramkrishna to be new CEO, MD of NSE" . The Hindu . 26 November 2012 . Retrieved 15 February 2013 . ↑ "IDFC MD Vikram Limaye the new CEO, MD of NSE" . Press Trust of India. 3 February 2017 . Retrieved 10 July 2017 – via Business Standard. ↑ "Meet Ashish Chauhan — the new MD and CEO of National Stock Exchange" . CNBCTV18 . 18 July 2022 . Retrieved 13 December 2023 . ↑ "Group Companies" . NSE . Retrieved 30 March 2023 . ↑ "NSE Academy Limited collaborates with RV University for Post Graduate Certification Program" . ↑ Patnaik, Santosh. "NSE to spread financial literacy" . The Hindu . Retrieved 26 February 2017 . ↑ "NSE ties with deemed University to offer pg diploma in financial markets" . EduTech . 29 November 2012. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. ↑ "Home" . NCFM(Bhandarkar Road, Pune) . Archived from the original on 22 November 2012. ↑ "How India's trading queen and mystery guru engulfed NSE in scandal" . The Economic Times . ↑ Rangan, MC Govardhana. "The fall of NSE: Corruption or hubris?" . The Economic Times . ↑ "BSE Sensex drops as corruption scandal weighs" . Reuters . 25 November 2010. ↑ "SEBI penalises BSE, NSE for 'laxity' in Karvy fraud case" . 13 April 2022. ↑ "Trading 'queen' and mystery guru: Strange tale engulfs NSE in scandal" . Business Standard India . 21 March 2022. ↑ " "Who'll Invest in India if Scams Like This Happen?": Judge in NSE Case" . ↑ "Chitra Ramkrishna arrested; CBI grills former NSE CEO in co-location scam after SEBI's mysterious yogi report" . 7 March 2022. ↑ "How India's trading queen and mystery guru engulfed NSE in scandal" . The Economic Times . Archived from the original on 11 January 2023 . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ↑ Rangan, MC Govardhana. "The fall of NSE: Corruption or hubris?" . The Economic Times . Archived from the original on 11 January 2023 . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ↑ "BSE Sensex drops as corruption scandal weighs" . Reuters . 25 November 2010. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023 . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ↑ "SEBI penalises BSE, NSE for 'laxity' in Karvy fraud case" . 13 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022 . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ↑ "Trading 'queen' and mystery guru: Strange tale engulfs NSE in scandal" . Business Standard India . 21 March 2022. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022 . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ↑ " "Who'll Invest in India if Scams Like This Happen?": Judge in NSE Case" . Archived from the original on 22 September 2022 . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ↑ "Chitra Ramkrishna arrested; CBI grills former NSE CEO in co-location scam after SEBI's mysterious yogi report" . 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022 . Retrieved 11 January 2023 . ↑ Sreedhar, Vidya (21 June 2023). "Rs 144 crore wrongful profit! Sebi finds stock manipulation in 5 smallcaps" . The Economic Times . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ↑ "Sebi ban pinches penny stocks" . Business Standard . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ↑ "SEBI Cracks Down on Misuse of Penny Stocks" . The Wire . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ↑ "I-T Department, SEBI begin crackdown on penny stock firms in PMO-led push" . Moneycontrol . 20 November 2017 . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ↑ Rampal, Nikhil (3 March 2023). "Pump & dump: How SEBI caught Arshad Warsi & others 'manipulating' stock prices in 'finfluencer' scheme" . ThePrint . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ↑ "Sebi bans FIIs, brokers for GDR manipulation" . The Times of India . 22 September 2011 . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ↑ "Fight against black money: Sebi bars 59 entities for evading taxes" . Hindustan Times . 20 August 2015 . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . ↑ "Sebi goes after companies rigging share prices" . Business Today . 12 August 2015 . Retrieved 24 August 2023 . Further reading Rawlin, R. (2011). Multivariate Analysis to Get an Estimate of the Indian Stock Market Nifty Index . GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-6560-6385-8 . The Indian Financial System: Markets, Institutions And Services, 2/E . Pearson Education. 2007. ISBN 978-8-1775-8562-9 . Ramona Birău and Jatin Trivedi (2015). "Estimating Long-term Volatility on National Stock Exchange of India" . Procedia Economics and Finance . 32 : 574– 579. doi : 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01434-3 . ISSN 2212-5671 . Ganeshaiah, K. N. "Has the Behaviour of the Stock Market Been Affected by the Scam? — A Statistical Analysis." Current Science 63, no. 7 (1992): 345–47. JSTOR 24095453 . D., Sumathi, Stock Price Volatility in National Stock Exchange of India (2018). International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences (IJRESS), December 2018, Available at SSRN 3319625 Kumar, G. and Misra, A.K. (2020), "Long run commonality in Indian stocks: empirical evidence from national stock exchange of India", Journal of Indian Business Research, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 441-458. doi : 10.1108/JIBR-09-2016-0091 Basu, D. and Dalal, S. (1993). The Scam: Who Won, who Lost, who Got Away . UBS Publishers' Distributors. ISBN 978-8-1859-4410-4 . LCCN 93902443 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) Nair, S. (2021). Bulls, Bears and Other Beasts (5th Anniversary Edition): A Story of the Indian Stock Market . Pan Macmillan. ISBN 978-9-3907-4257-8 . Goel, A., Tripathi, V. and Agarwal, M. 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